腹壁可触及肿物的超声辨识（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管出血散见于脐和膀胱之间，通常设在脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可散见于只能设在脐下。这些出血可表现为完全无回波或较低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，脐尿管出血，此出血已受感染，外部含有微弱回波的混合物。B，脐尿管出血，缓和的出血前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴囊子宫病变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有阴囊子宫病变是阴囊手术后的长期合并症，无特殊表现，但可于以前手术的瘢痕出口处见一区域内肿物，并有周期性的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产伤疤出口处阴囊子宫病变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).疣直肌鞘血肿可发生于发病性咳嗽后、喷嚏或哮喘发病后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血性营养不良。由于血肿限制于疣直肌鞘内，通常不很大，其形状根据所出口处后方而定，在皮膜本站以上，血肿常为卵圆形，长轴呈上下一段距离，可于一侧只见（左图13A）；在皮膜本站不限，由于疣白本站缺如，可延展行进中本站，因此血肿表现为分锯齿状，其最大间隔设在右下上。在早产儿面有血肿可散见于脐上平行延展（左图13B、C）。术后不规则性肺部内凝血的产妇可于面有手术瘢痕附近只见大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一中年妇女连续不断咳嗽后疣直肌鞘血肿，斜线指示疣横筋膜。B，早产儿面有血肿。C，一早产儿脐静脉附着出口处右边的面有血肿。UV，脐静脉。D，一不规则性肺部内凝血的剖宫产术后产妇疤痕出口处面有血肿。

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